These settings allow you to boost the speed of your broadband Internet connection when using a Cable Modem or DSL Router with Windows 2000 and Windows XP.
Open your registry and find the key below.
Create the following DWORD values, as most of these values will not already exist you will need to create them by clicking on 'Edit -> New -> DWORD Value' and then set the value as shown below.
DefaultTTL = "80" hex (or 128 decimal)
Specifies the default time to live (TTL) for TCP/IP packets. The default is 32.
EnablePMTUBHDetect = "0"
Specifies whether the stack will attempt to detect Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) routers that do not send back ICMP fragmentation-needed messages. The default is 0.
EnablePMTUDiscovery = "1"
Specifies whether the TCP/IP stack will attempt to perform path MTU discovery as specified in RFC 1191. The default is 1.
GlobalMaxTcpWindowSize = "7FFF" hex (or 32767 decimal)
Specifies the system maximum receive window size advertised by the TCP/IP stack.
TcpMaxDupAcks = "2"
Determines the number of duplicate ACKs that must be received for the same sequence number of sent data before "fast retransmit" is triggered.
SackOpts = "1"
Enables support for selective acknowledgements as documented by Request for Comment (RFC) 2018. Default is 0.
Tcp1323Opts = "1"
Controls RFC 1323 time stamps and window scaling options. Possible values are: "0" = disable RFC 1323 options, "1" = window scale enabled only, "2" = time stamps enabled only and "3" = both options enabled.
TcpWindowSize = "7FFF" hex (or 32767 decimal)
Specifies the receive window size advertised by the TCP/IP stack. If you have a latent network you can try increasing the value to 93440, 186880, or 372300.
Exit your registry and restart Windows for the changes to take effect.
If you don’t want to edit the registry, here's a little TCP utility that is ideal...
http://www.broadbandreports.com/front/doctorping.zip
Sunday, February 21, 2010
THE TROJAN “HORSE”
I found it necessary to devote a chapter to Trojans. Trojan’s are
probably the most compromising of all types of attacks. Trojans
are being released by the hundreds every week, each more
cleverly designed that the other. We all know the story of the
Trojan horse probably the greatest strategic move ever made.
In my studies I have found that Trojans are primarily responsible
for almost all Windows Based machines being compromised.
For those of you who do not know what Trojans are I’ll briefly
explain. Trojans are small programs that effectively give
“hackers” remote control over your entire Computer.
Some common features with Trojans are as follows:
• Open your CD-Rom drive
• Capture a screenshot of your computer
• Record your key strokes and send them to the “Hacker”
• Full Access to all your drives and files
• Ability to use your computer as a bridge to do other
hacking related activities.
• Disable your keyboard
• Disable your mouse…and more!
Let’s take a closer look at a couple of more popular
Trojans:
• Netbus
• SubSeven
The Netbus Trojan has two parts to it as almost all Trojans do.
There is a Client and a Server. The server is the file that
would have to get installed on your system in order to have
your system compromised. Here’s how the hack would go.
The Hack
Objective: Getting the potential victim to install the server
onto his/her system.
Method 1
Send the server file (for explanation purposes we’ll call the file
netbusserver.exe) to you via E-Mail. This was how it was
originally done.
The hacker would claim the file to be a game of some sort.
When you then double click on the file, the result is nothing.
You don’t see anything. (Very Suspicious)
Note: (How many times have you double clicked on a
file someone has sent you and it apparently did
nothing)
At this point what has happened is the server has now been
installed on your system. All the “hacker” has to do is use the
Netbus Client to connect to your system and everything you
have on your system is now accessible to this “hacker.”
With increasing awareness of the use of Trojans, “hackers”
became smarter, hence method 2.
Method 2
Objective: Getting you to install the server on your system.
Let’s see, how many of you receive games from friends?
Games like hit gates in the face with a pie. Perhaps the game
shoot Saddam? There are lots of funny little files like that.
Now I’ll show you how someone intent on getting access to
your computer can use that against you.
There are utility programs available that can combine the
(“server” (a.k.a. Trojan)) file with a legitimate “executable
file.” (An executable file is any file ending in .exe). It will
then output another (.exe) file of some kind. Think of this
process as mixing poison in a drink.
For Example:
Tomato Juice + Poison = something
Now the result is not really Tomato Juice anymore but you can
call it whatever you want. Same procedure goes for
combining the Trojan with another file.
For Example:
The “Hacker” in question would do this: (for demonstration
purposes we’ll use a chess game)
Name: chess.exe (name of file that starts the chess
game)
Trojan: netbusserver.exe (The Trojan)
(Again for explanation purposes we’ll call it that)
The joiner utility will combine the two files together and output
1 executable file called:
.exe
This file can then be renamed back to chess.exe. It’s not
exactly the same Chess Game. It’s like the Tomato Juice, it’s
just slightly different.
The difference in these files will be noticed in their size.
The original file: chess.exe size: 50,000 bytes
The new file (with Trojan): chess.exe size: 65,000 bytes
(Note: These numbers and figures are just for explanation
purposes only)
The process of joining the two files, takes about 10 seconds to
get done. Now the “hacker” has a new chess file to send out
with the Trojan in it.
Q. What happens when you click on the new chess.exe file?
Answer: The chess program starts like normal. No more
suspicion because the file did something. The only difference
is while the chess program starts the Trojan also gets installed
on your system.
Now you receive an email with the attachment except in the
format of chess.exe.
The unsuspecting will execute the file and see a chess game.
Meanwhile in the background the “Trojan” gets silently
installed on your computer.
If that’s not scary enough, after the Trojan installs itself on
your computer, it will then send a message from your
computer to the hacker telling him the following information.
Username: (A name they call you)
IP Address: (Your IP address)
Online: (Your victim is online)
So it doesn’t matter if you are on dial up. The potential
hacker will automatically be notified when you log on to your
computer.
You’re probably asking yourself “how likely is it that this has
happened to me?” Well think about this. Take into
consideration the second chapter of this manual. Used in
conjunction with the above mentioned methods can make for
a deadly combination.
These methods are just but a few ways that “hackers” can
gain access to your machine.
Listed below are some other ways they can get the infected
file to you.
News Groups:
By posting articles in newsgroups with file attachments like
(mypic.exe) in adult newsgroups are almost guaranteed to
have someone fall victim.
Don’t be fooled though, as these folks will post these files to
any newsgroups.
Grapevine:
Unfortunately there is no way to control this effect. You
receive the file from a friend who received it from a friend etc.
Email:
The most widely used delivery method. It can be sent as an
attachment in an email addressed to you.
Unsafe Web sites:
Web sites that are not “above the table” so to speak. Files
downloaded from such places should always be accepted with
high suspicion.
IRC:
On IRC servers sometimes when you join a channel you will
automatically get sent a file like “mypic.exe” or “sexy.exe” or
sexy.jpg.vbs something to that effect. Usually you’ll find
wannabe’s are at fault for this.
Chat Sites:
Chat sites are probably one of the primary places that this sort
of activity takes place. The sad part to that is 80% are not
aware of it.
As you can see there are many different ways to deliver that
file to you as a user. By informing you of these methods I
hope I have made you more aware of the potential dangers
around you. In Chapter 3 we’ll discuss what files should be
considered acceptable.
probably the most compromising of all types of attacks. Trojans
are being released by the hundreds every week, each more
cleverly designed that the other. We all know the story of the
Trojan horse probably the greatest strategic move ever made.
In my studies I have found that Trojans are primarily responsible
for almost all Windows Based machines being compromised.
For those of you who do not know what Trojans are I’ll briefly
explain. Trojans are small programs that effectively give
“hackers” remote control over your entire Computer.
Some common features with Trojans are as follows:
• Open your CD-Rom drive
• Capture a screenshot of your computer
• Record your key strokes and send them to the “Hacker”
• Full Access to all your drives and files
• Ability to use your computer as a bridge to do other
hacking related activities.
• Disable your keyboard
• Disable your mouse…and more!
Let’s take a closer look at a couple of more popular
Trojans:
• Netbus
• SubSeven
The Netbus Trojan has two parts to it as almost all Trojans do.
There is a Client and a Server. The server is the file that
would have to get installed on your system in order to have
your system compromised. Here’s how the hack would go.
The Hack
Objective: Getting the potential victim to install the server
onto his/her system.
Method 1
Send the server file (for explanation purposes we’ll call the file
netbusserver.exe) to you via E-Mail. This was how it was
originally done.
The hacker would claim the file to be a game of some sort.
When you then double click on the file, the result is nothing.
You don’t see anything. (Very Suspicious)
Note: (How many times have you double clicked on a
file someone has sent you and it apparently did
nothing)
At this point what has happened is the server has now been
installed on your system. All the “hacker” has to do is use the
Netbus Client to connect to your system and everything you
have on your system is now accessible to this “hacker.”
With increasing awareness of the use of Trojans, “hackers”
became smarter, hence method 2.
Method 2
Objective: Getting you to install the server on your system.
Let’s see, how many of you receive games from friends?
Games like hit gates in the face with a pie. Perhaps the game
shoot Saddam? There are lots of funny little files like that.
Now I’ll show you how someone intent on getting access to
your computer can use that against you.
There are utility programs available that can combine the
(“server” (a.k.a. Trojan)) file with a legitimate “executable
file.” (An executable file is any file ending in .exe). It will
then output another (.exe) file of some kind. Think of this
process as mixing poison in a drink.
For Example:
Tomato Juice + Poison = something
Now the result is not really Tomato Juice anymore but you can
call it whatever you want. Same procedure goes for
combining the Trojan with another file.
For Example:
The “Hacker” in question would do this: (for demonstration
purposes we’ll use a chess game)
Name: chess.exe (name of file that starts the chess
game)
Trojan: netbusserver.exe (The Trojan)
(Again for explanation purposes we’ll call it that)
The joiner utility will combine the two files together and output
1 executable file called:
This file can then be renamed back to chess.exe. It’s not
exactly the same Chess Game. It’s like the Tomato Juice, it’s
just slightly different.
The difference in these files will be noticed in their size.
The original file: chess.exe size: 50,000 bytes
The new file (with Trojan): chess.exe size: 65,000 bytes
(Note: These numbers and figures are just for explanation
purposes only)
The process of joining the two files, takes about 10 seconds to
get done. Now the “hacker” has a new chess file to send out
with the Trojan in it.
Q. What happens when you click on the new chess.exe file?
Answer: The chess program starts like normal. No more
suspicion because the file did something. The only difference
is while the chess program starts the Trojan also gets installed
on your system.
Now you receive an email with the attachment except in the
format of chess.exe.
The unsuspecting will execute the file and see a chess game.
Meanwhile in the background the “Trojan” gets silently
installed on your computer.
If that’s not scary enough, after the Trojan installs itself on
your computer, it will then send a message from your
computer to the hacker telling him the following information.
Username: (A name they call you)
IP Address: (Your IP address)
Online: (Your victim is online)
So it doesn’t matter if you are on dial up. The potential
hacker will automatically be notified when you log on to your
computer.
You’re probably asking yourself “how likely is it that this has
happened to me?” Well think about this. Take into
consideration the second chapter of this manual. Used in
conjunction with the above mentioned methods can make for
a deadly combination.
These methods are just but a few ways that “hackers” can
gain access to your machine.
Listed below are some other ways they can get the infected
file to you.
News Groups:
By posting articles in newsgroups with file attachments like
(mypic.exe) in adult newsgroups are almost guaranteed to
have someone fall victim.
Don’t be fooled though, as these folks will post these files to
any newsgroups.
Grapevine:
Unfortunately there is no way to control this effect. You
receive the file from a friend who received it from a friend etc.
Email:
The most widely used delivery method. It can be sent as an
attachment in an email addressed to you.
Unsafe Web sites:
Web sites that are not “above the table” so to speak. Files
downloaded from such places should always be accepted with
high suspicion.
IRC:
On IRC servers sometimes when you join a channel you will
automatically get sent a file like “mypic.exe” or “sexy.exe” or
sexy.jpg.vbs something to that effect. Usually you’ll find
wannabe’s are at fault for this.
Chat Sites:
Chat sites are probably one of the primary places that this sort
of activity takes place. The sad part to that is 80% are not
aware of it.
As you can see there are many different ways to deliver that
file to you as a user. By informing you of these methods I
hope I have made you more aware of the potential dangers
around you. In Chapter 3 we’ll discuss what files should be
considered acceptable.
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